Warren Buffett

Background

Warren Buffett’s claim to fame is his immense wealth, usually ranking in the world’s top three richest. Born into a middle class family, he attained his wealth through prudent investing, first in stocks, and then through the acquisition of businesses. Called the Oracle of Omaha, Buffett always seems to know when the stock market is under or over-valued and which companies to buy and sell.
Goals: Use assets to create assets; sacrifice present rewards for future gains; manage risks; develop deep competence; find the right people for the job.
Governing Principle: Stockpile favors or “claim checks” in the form of wealth, reputation, and relationships.

Values

Value learning and reputation over results, adherence to own competence over trends, and long-term over short-term. Trust facts, not theory. Place more importance on people than process. Never tarnish your reputation or let people down. Collaborate rather than compete. Don’t sweat the small stuff. Try to be fair.

Learning Objectives

Creating your circle of competence
Building a self-sustaining machine
Leveraging resources to their maximum
Understanding and mitigating risks
Managing your reputation

Traits

Folksy, down-to-earth, talkative, analytical, friendly, voracious reader, humble, self-deprecating, loyal, easy-going, honest, trustworthy, community-oriented

Biography

Warren Buffet is the son of a Nebraskan senator and heir of a prosperous but frugal grocer’s family. Growing up, Buffett was obsessed with both collecting things and starting businesses. His early childhood goal was to be a millionaire by the time he was thirty. Although the Buffetts seemed like the perfect Midwestern family to outsiders, Buffett’s mother’s family had a history of mental illness, and his mother often viciously verbally abused Buffett and his older sister. Buffett sought solace in work and delivered newspapers as one of his first jobs.

Besides delivering newspapers, Buffett embarked on other money-making schemes. He sold gum door-to-door and installed vending machines in barbershops. One of his favorite activities was to go to the horse track and search for discarded tickets that had value. He called the practice of picking through garbage to find items of value “looking for cigar butts.” He would continue to search for cigar butts in the form of stocks or businesses his whole life. Almost all of his early ventures were profitable, and he used that money to fund new business ventures rather than to buy things. He was obsessed with maximizing his capital to make new capital and to create businesses that could manage themselves.

Intelligent and curious, Buffett was, and still is, a voracious reader, of all things money and business. After graduating college, he applied to Harvard Business School, but was rejected. When he discovered that the author of his favorite investing book taught at Columbia, he applied and was accepted there. At Columbia, he became a disciple of Ben Graham, and Buffet’s talent for digesting numbers and handicapping odds became apparent in their classroom discussions. After graduating, he worked for Ben Graham’s investing company in NYC to learn his methods. When Graham retired, instead of taking over, Buffett decided to return to Omaha and start his own firm. There he solicited funds from friends and family members, and he started an investment partnership. This partnership ended up outperforming the stock market and made multimillionaires out of his original investors.

Tired of being responsible for other people’s money and pessimistic about finding good stocks to buy, Buffett started buying companies, starting with Berkshire Hathaway textile mills. Eventually, Buffett retired the partnership and focused on buying businesses and stock for Berkshire. Today Buffett’s worth is over $50 billion, one share of Berkshire Hathaway stock sells for $175,000, and his investment advice is sought around the world. His business acumen has given him a voice in political advocacy, and he speaks out often for progressive government policies.

Questions:

  • Is this within my circle of competence?
  • How can I increase my knowledge and my competence?
  • What is the future value of this expense or investment?
  • What are the long-term benefits?
  • How can we use our assets to make more assets?
  • How will this affect my reputation?
  • What is the worst thing that can happen and how do we plan for that?
  • How do we put emotions aside to enact the rational decision?
  • What are the risks and how do we mitigate them?
  • What are the low risk options?
  • Are the right people in place to do what needs to be done?

Behaviors

Concentrate on what you know – Don’t get involved in anything you don’t fully understand. Learn everything you need to about your circle of competence. If pressed, don’t be afraid to say, “I don’t know.”

Be self-deprecating and humble – Tell folksy stories if you have some. Always use plain and clear language, free of jargon and acronyms. Listen well when you have something to learn from the other person.

Speak plainly and honestly – Be candid, but not confrontational, and don’t spin anything. Act like all your conversations are being recorded. You want people to trust your advice so you need to be right. Don’t harbor hidden agendas. Be honest about what you want.

Set high expectations and let others figure out how to do it – Use praise as a motivation and let others know you trust their competence. If you discover that your trust is misplaced, act quickly to rectify the situation. Don’t spend much time explaining how to do a task unless you are asked.

Avoid confrontations – Spend your time choosing the right people for the job so you won’t have to confront them later. If possible, find others to give critiques.

Forgive well-intended mistakes – Mistakes are fine if we learn from them. Your focus is the proper decision-making process for the long-run, not immediate results.

Rely on analysis to make decisions – Be unemotional about business decisions, ignoring politics and popularity. Don’t be afraid to be a contrarian, e.g., investing when others are divesting and vice versa. Rely on your circle of competence to support you.

Enumerate multiple recommendations and opportunities for each situation – Calculate the probabilities of different scenarios occurring. Understand all the risks involved and figure out how to mitigate risks. Always have a plan B.

Make decisions for the long term – Consider the future value versus the present value and maximize the future value. Don’t be afraid to sacrifice short term goals if it will pay off in the future.

Be frugal – Invest rather than spend, and make sure you are maximizing the value of your assets. Avoid extravagant expenditures and frills.

Role Play Situations

Your role in meetings is to be the voice of rational thinking and long-term solutions. You are not bothered by poorly-run meetings as long as they give everyone a chance to be heard or improve relationships. Insist on evaluating the numbers in detail, having more than one option for a course of action, and making sure that a good risk analysis has been conducted. Share relevant war stories and teach others about your circle of competence when appropriate.
Use presentations as an opportunity to teach. Review the complete history of the situation and explain the situation with a compelling narrative. To warn against the internet bubble, Buffett reviewed the entire history of the stock market and analyzed other tech bubbles, e.g., automobiles. Make a solid numerical business case with the scenarios outlined. Don’t use fancy presentation materials, let your story tell itself. You are less concerned with the needs of your audience and more concerned about the lesson you need to impart. Again, rely on your circle of competence to guide you.

To method-act the persona
and circumvent the ego

To Get into Character

Dress – Although Buffett typically wears nice suits, they are often ill-fitting. Spend little time on your appearance and wear bland, non-noticeable clothing. Turn one side of a collar up or misbutton your shirt, so that your dress is just slightly off, to signify a nonchalance about the way you look.

Speech – Buffett often attributes attending a Dale Carnegie course on public speaking as one the best things he ever did. Find a copy of How to Win Friends & Influence People and follow its advice. Buffett uses folksy, simple tales to get his point across. For instance, he likes to tell a story about a genie who will grant a wish to procure any type of car in the world with the provision that the owner has to keep it for life. The owner would be compelled to take great care of the car. The moral of the story is to take care of your health and body.

Diet – Ironically, Buffett has a limited diet of mostly hamburgers, Coke, french fries, and steaks. He is famously an unadventurous eater and drinks mostly Cherry Coke. Limit your diet to a few American staples while you are Buffet, although for health reasons, we don’t recommend following his diet closely.

Activities to Conduct Alone

Determine your circle of competence to become an oracle – Buffett has spent much of his life studying and understanding business and investing, but he doesn’t presume to understand all businesses. He has developed competences in retail, such as clothing and furniture, and insurance. He avoids high tech because that industry falls outside his circle of competence. Your first step should be to determine your area of expertise. If your experience or knowledge is limited, define it narrowly. Make sure that this area is of value to you and your company. The point is to focus your attention on what you understand and learn more about it to become an expert.

Develop your circle of competence – Spend a half hour to hour every morning reading up on your circle of competence. Find experts in that area and arrange to learn from them. Buffett first learned about insurance by visiting Geico and dropping in unannounced on the CFO. Take this as an opportunity to meet new people both inside and outside your organization.

Write a narrative – Once you’ve developed your circle of competence, write a narrative about its history, how it works, and why it is important. Berkshire Hathaway’s shareholder reports are famous for Buffett’s thoughts on business and investments because he uses them as an opportunity to teach. Find these on the web and use them as an example to write your own.

Develop your reputation – Use your circle of competence and narrative as the base for building your reputation. Stay away from decisions outside this circle and always be mindful of how your actions and words will affect your reputation. Buffett often advises his peers to act as though their conversations are being recorded.

Activities to Conduct with Others

Find ways to teach – Based on the activities alone, find opportunities to teach others about your circle of competence. The purpose of the teaching moments is to sincerely help your audience, not for self-aggrandizement. Seek to understand the causes and implications of some pressing work issues and schedule lunch-and-learns, presentations, or general meetings to impart your knowledge.

Build self-maintaining/generating systems and methods – Buffett uses the businesses in Berkshire Hathaway to fund each other and create more revenue. His success has been founded in using assets to create assets. He also likes businesses that can be run by a “ham sandwich,” meaning that they have a great business model and can almost run themselves. Work with your team to take stock of all your assets and brainstorm how they can be leveraged to create more assets. Some ideas to consider are setting up databases of reusable marketing content or a self-service website. For every asset you create, determine how it can reused to create more assets. Be very frugal about expenditures that can’t generate more assets.

Plan for unplanned events and risks – Acquaint yourself with the book The Black Swan by Nassim Nicholas Taleb which discusses catastrophic risks. With your team, review all your projects and brainstorm all possible risks and conduct a scenario planning session. Also consider acts of God and other major events. Rate all your scenarios from likely to highly unlikely and develop plans to deal with all the scenarios, not just the likely ones. Make sure you have a plan B for when crises occur and expect them.

Use tit-for-tat for favors – Buffett is famously frugal, keeping a very small corporate staff and having a modest lifestyle. He also likes free stuff. Buffett uses the favor system among his friends to get many things for free. For instance, he manages the investments of Carol Loomis, and she writes his shareholder reports. Start doing favors for your colleagues so that you build a base of people who owe you. Call in favors when appropriate.

Delegate work – Buffett’s preferred management method is to choose the right person for the job, make his expectations clear, and then delegate, offering lavish praise along with high expectations along the way. He rarely gets involved in the management of his companies. Short-term mistakes and underperformance are ignored if they will change in the future. His expectations are high over the long-term. Review your own workload for tasks you can delegate with minimal oversight. Ensure that these include high-status items and that you assign them to the right people.

Additional Resources

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Role play Instructions

Page through the profiles and read the summary sections with the lessons, goals, principles, traits, and values. Find one that “speaks” to you or that has a lesson you could use at the moment. Liking the person or sharing that person’s values is irrelevant, though it may require slightly more effort on your part. Keep in mind that you control the experience and can adopt as much or as little as you feel comfortable doing. Most of the changes you will be making will be internal, in your thought processes and resultant behaviors, and you are not expected to impersonate someone outwardly like you would for Halloween or a play. Explanation of sections:
  • Demeanor – This section describes clothing, speech, and eating habits to adopt. The purpose of this is to break out of your routine and ingrained patterns of behavior. If you start the day eating or dressing differently, you will be more likely to act differently. Use your judgment to determine the extent of the changes needed to change your habits without being disruptive.
  • Activities Alone – Conduct these activities first as they are meant to help you get into character and better understand that person’s values and motivation. They are also indicative of activities the character performs on a regular basis. Again, use your judgment regarding which activities make sense for you, but please make sure you do at least some.
  • Activities with Others – Again, choose which activities pertain most to your situation. These are an excellent opportunity to practice being your persona and solicit advice from others on “What would this person do?”
  • Behaviors – While activities are one-off or have a concrete start and end, the behaviors and questions should be ongoing when you are enacting the profile.
It should take you somewhere between 1-3 weeks to master the character. We recommend that you plan on two weeks, and continue if you need more time to fully internalize the persona. Thinking like the persona or exhibiting their behaviors without thinking are signs that you have internalized the skills. We encourage you to tell the people you are with what you are doing so that they can help you master the character and provide feedback. It’s perfectly acceptable to ask others what they think that person would do.
If you have trouble getting started or feel stuck, just ask yourself “What would this person do?

Instructions

Here are some suggestions for using the icons. Click on the i icon to open this box again.

One-on-Conversations

The icons are useful when conducting any kind of port mortem or difficult conversations, like project, progress, or performance reviews. 

Each person chooses a card that reflects the perspective he wants the other to hear. One person shows the card, and, together, both brainstorm the feedback that the persona would give. Repeat using the second person’s chosen card. Both compare and contrast the feedback and agree on lessons going forward. If deadlocked or otherwise desired, they can choose a third card and perform the feedback again

Expectations Setting

Use the icons at the start of project or with a team to understand each person’s default behaviors and identify potential conflicts.  

Each person chooses three cards: one that best represents her, one that she would most like to work with on the project, and one she would least like to work with. Each discusses her picks and agrees to actions for working together.

Team building

The goals are to create awareness of missing skills and traits on the team, use the personalities to fill those gaps, and to improve team creativity by role-playing other perspectives.

Review the cards to determine which personas the team needs but is lacking. Conducting the expectations setting exercise first may help. Create virtual seats for these leaders and assign team members the responsibilities for representing these perspectives.

 

Brainstorming

During brainstorming, choose cards at random and generate ideas as the leader personas. Alternately, team members can act as the leaders during the meetings.

Meeting feedback

At the end of the meeting, each participant, including the meeting leader, chooses a card, either randomly or deliberately, and takes turns providing feedback in the manner of the personality. Alternately, the meeting leader can choose cards at random and ask participants for feedback in that leader’s perspective.

Personal Development (method acting)

1. Look through the profiles and read the summary sections with the lessons, goals, principles, traits, and values. Find one that “speaks” to you or that has a lesson you could use at the moment. Liking the person or sharing that person’s values is irrelevant, though it may require slightly more effort on your part.

2.  Keep in mind that you control the experience and can adopt as much or as little as you feel comfortable doing. Most of the changes you will be making will be internal, in your thought processes and resultant behaviors, and you are not expected to impersonate someone outwardly like you would for Halloween or a play.

3. Explanation of sections:

  • To get into character– This section describes clothing, speech, and eating habits to adopt. The purpose of this is to break out of your routine and ingrained patterns of behavior. If you start the day eating or dressing differently, you will be more likely to act differently. Use your judgment to determine the extent of the changes needed to change your habits without being disruptive.
  • Activities Alone – Conduct these activities first as they are meant to help you get into character and better understand that person’s values and motivation. They are also indicative of activities the character performs on a regular basis. Again, use your judgment regarding which activities make sense for you, but please make sure you do at least some.
  • Activities with Others – Again, choose which activities pertain most to your situation. These are an excellent opportunity to practice being your persona and solicit advice from others on “What would this person do?”
  • Behaviors – While activities are one-off or have a concrete start and end, the behaviors and questions should be ongoing when you are enacting the profile.

4. It should take you somewhere between 1-3 weeks to master the character. We recommend that you plan on two weeks, and continue if you need more time to fully internalize the persona. Thinking like the persona or exhibiting their behaviors without thinking are signs that you have internalized the skills. We encourage you to tell the people you are with what you are doing so that they can help you master the character and provide feedback. It’s perfectly acceptable to ask others what they think that person would do.

5. If you have trouble getting started or feel stuck, just ask yourself “What would this person do?